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英语句子定语从句的用法

英语句子定语从句的用法



英语句子定语从句的用法

  导语:英语句子定语从句的用法是什么?以下是小编为大家整理的文章,欢迎阅读!希望对大家有所帮助!

  一、定语从句的引导词

  1、一共有9个:who, whom , whose, that, which, when,where, why, as

  与名词从句相比:定从不能由what和how引导;which的含义改变;定从内部的介词可以放引导词前。

  2、引导词的功能有哪些?

  (1)引导定语从句

  (2)代替先行词在定语从句中充当一个成分。(先行词在从句中不再出现)

  二、定语从句的关键

  1、首先,要能判断出该从句是什么从句:

  (1)放句首没有用逗号分开的,一般是主语从句,也有可能是状语从句,但从句结束后若有体现时态变化的动词,则一定是主语从句。

  (2)放及物动词后,若及物动词不是被动语态,后面一定是宾语从句;若该及物动词是被动语态,后面一般是主语从句(It+ is + adj/n./done+that/whether/when…)或状语从句。

  (3)放be动词后,后面一定是表语从句,但 “It is/was + 从句(被强调成分) + that”是强调句(强调句中“非谓语”)。

  (4)放名词后,一般是定语从句,但若该名词有“内涵/内容”(fact/truth/news/information/ problem/suggestion), 则很可能是同位语从句。

  (5)用逗号分开的从句,一般是状语从句或 as/which引导的定语从句,也要注意用放在句中用逗号分开的“插入语”(however, for example,believe it or not等)。

  2、其次,判断出是定语从句后可以用“三个优先”法做题:

  (1)优先选择含whose的选项,能与空格后的名词构成“某人的某物”搭配,一般就是答案;

  (2)优先选择含介词的选项,然后看该介词与从句中的谓语是否能构成符合逻辑的搭配;

  (3)用逗号分开的定从,优先考虑as和which,若该空能翻译为“一件事”而从句意思是通顺的,则放句首就用as,句末用which(若该空能翻译为“如同”“像…一样”则应用as)

  3、再次,做定语从句题可以用“三问法”来检测是否出错:

  (1)先行词本身是否为特殊的词?

  way+ in which/that/省略

  指物的不定代词:anything, one, some,many, a lot, all, both, that等 + that

  指人的不定代词或数词:one, those, anyone, two等 + who

  既有人又有物: + that

  “抽象的地点”condition, situation,case, point + where

  “抽象的时间”one’s stay/visit + when

  在特定语境中可以作“地点/位置”理解的词:trousers/ sleeves + where

  (2)先行词前面有无特殊的词?

  有不定代词修饰:all/every/little/much+ …+ that

  有最高级/序数词修饰:the best/second … + that

  有just the/ the very/ the only/ the last等修饰:+ that

  有who/which疑问词:+ that(避免重复)

  有the same/ such/ as修饰:一般+ as

  (注意: ①第一个as是否为一个以as结尾的搭配,如regard…as;

  ②区分such…as(定从)与such …that“如此…以至于”)

  (3)先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分?

  注意:从句中spend后的“时间”,以及visit后的“地点”,不是状语,而是宾语,应该用不定代词

  4、只能用that引导定语从句有哪些情况?

  先行词前为all, everything, nothing,something, anything, little, much等不定代词时;

  先行词前有:all, every, no, some, any,little, much, few等不定代词修饰时;

  先行词被序数词修饰时;

  先行词被形容词最高级修饰时;

  先行词前only, just, very, last有等修饰时;

  先行词是表示人和物混杂的两个名词时;

  主句是以who, which,开头的疑问句或先行词是疑问代词时;

  在修饰时间、地点等先行词时,只有用that代替when, where等引导词;

  【例】I'll never forget the Sunday (that) you first arrived.

  Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink ?

  先行词为reason, way (意为“方法”)时,常用that 代替why,which, in which,也可省略。

  引导词在定语从句中作表语时,多用that引导。

  先行词是主句表语时;

  【例】It is a dictionary that will help you a lot.

  当主语以there be 开头时;

  当先行词是数词时;

  同一个复合句里有两个定语从句,一个用which,另一个通常用that。

  5、reason后面用什么引导?way 后面用什么引导?

  reason后面的定语从句用why引导。

  way 后面定语从句用in which 或 that引导that可以省略。

  6、when引导的定语从句等于什么引导的`定语从句?

  when引导的定语从句等于介词+ which引导的定语从句。

  7、where 引导的定语从句等于什么引导的定语从句?

  where 引导的定语从句等于介词+which引导的定语从句。

  ★8、one of 和 the (only) one of引导的定语从句在主谓一致问题上应注意什么?

  前者引导的定语从句谓语动词用复数;后者用单数。

  9、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句有和区别?

  限制性定语从句是主句不可缺少的一个部分,缺少后主句意思不完整。非限制性定语从句是对主句的进一步说明,不要从句对主句意义无多大影响;非限制性定语从句前后有逗号隔开。而且非限制性定语从句中不能用that。

  10、as 和which引导的非限制性定语从句在用法上有什么区别?

  as和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句.都可以代替主句中的整个内容或某一成分。

  as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句首,并常和know, see, expect等词连用,意为:“正如……”,而which不能位于句首。

  11、as 可以用于哪些结构中引导定语从句?

  such... as; the same... as; so ...as..

  12、the same…as和 the same…that 引导的定语从句如何区别?

  the same…as 引导的定语从句指的是相同事物,强调同类。

  the same…that引导的定语从句指的是同一物。

  13、such…as …和 such…that…如何区分?

  such…as…引导的是定语从句,as必须代替先行词在其引导的从句中充当成分。

  such…that…引导的从句是状语从句,that只是引导从句并不在其引导的从句中充当成分,在选择填空首先看从句中是否缺句子成分,如果缺成分就要考虑是定语从句;如果不缺成分就要考虑是状语成分。

  ★14、whose 引导定语从句有那些注意点?

  whose 作定语,后面跟名词。一般有三种表示形式:

  【例】This is the dictionary whose cover has come off.

  = This is the dictionary the cover of which has come off.

  = This is the dictionary of which the cover has come off.

  ★★★15、 “介词 + 关系词” 开头的定语从句有哪几种情况?

  注意:引导定从的介词后不能加who/that

  (1)先行词在从句中做状语,用来替换when/where/why的:in/on/from/for/in front of + which/whom:

  (2)“of所有格”: the+名词+ of + which/whom; of + which/whom +… the+名词

  (3)“某个范围中的多少”: some/both/the former + of + which/whom; of + which/whom … some…

  (4)偶尔可用“介词+ whose”和“介词+where”

  三、关系代词引导的定语从句

  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

  1、who指人,在从句中做主语

  The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

  2、whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

  Mr. Liu is the person (whom)you talked about on the bus.

  【注意】关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

  The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

  3、which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

  Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

  4、that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

  The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

  5、whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

  He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

  whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替:

  The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

  =The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.

  Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

  =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

  (注意:the + 名词 + of which/whom常考!)


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