学习英语的方法总结

学习英语的方法总结

　　1．What is language for? Some people seem to think it is for practicing grammar rules and learning lists of words--the longer the words the better. That’s wrong. Language is for the exchange of ideas, for communication.

　　语言到底是用来干什么的呢？一些人认为它是用来操练语法规则和学习一大堆单词——而且单词越长越好。这个想法是错误的。语言是用来交换思想，进行交流沟通的！

　　2. The way to learn a language is to practice speaking it as often as possible.

　　学习一门语言的方法就是要尽量多地练习说。

　　3. A great man once said it is necessary to drill as much as possible, and the more you apply it in real situations, the more natural it will become.

　　一位伟人曾说，反复操练是非常必要的，你越多的将所学到的东西运用到实际生活中，他们就变的越自然。

　　4．Listening and imitating should always go together. Use the LIP method! Listen－Imitate－Practice!

　　听和模仿一定要同时做，使用“LIP”方法：听、模仿、操练！

　　5. Use all your senses to learn English. You must hear English, read English, touch English, smell English, and taste English. Feel English with your heart. Immerse yourself in this language. Begin to think in English.

　　运用一切感官学习英语。你必须听英语、说英语、触摸英语、闻英语，还要尝尝英语的味道。用心去感受英语。让自己沉浸在这门语言当中。学会用英语思考。

　　6. Relax! Be patient and enjoy yourself. Learning foreign languages is just a piece of cake.

　　放轻松！要有耐心，并且享受英语带来的乐趣！学习外语只不过是小菜一碟。

　　7. Rome wasn’t built in a day. Work harder and practice more. Your hardworking will be rewarded by God one day. God is equal to everyone!

　　冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。更加努力的学习，更加勤奋的操练，你所付出的一切将会得到上帝的报答，上帝是公平的。

　　8. Use a dictionary and grammar guide constantly. Keep a small English dictionary with you at all time. When you see a new word, look it up. Think about the word--use it. in your mind, in a sentence.

　　经常使用字典和语法指南。随身携带一本小英文字典，当你看到一个新字时就去查阅它，思考这个字——然后学着去用它，在你的心中，在一个句子里。

　　9. Try to think in English whenever possible. When you see something, think of the English word of it; then think about the word in a sentence.

　　一有机会就努力去用英文来思考。看到某事时，想想它的英文单词；然后把它用到一个句子中去。

　　10. Practice tenses as much as possible. When you learn a new verb, learn its various forms.A thousand words will not leave so an deep impression as one deed.

　　尽可能多的操练时态。学习一个动词的时候，要学习它的各种形态。千言万语不如一个行动

　　11. I would also like to learn more about the culture behind the language. When you understand the cultural background, you can better use the language.

　　我想学习和了解更多关于语言背后的文化知识，当你理解了文化背景，你就能更好地运用语言。

　　12．Keep an English journal.Try to write a 高二 few sentences about your day and then blurt them out as many times as possible before you go to sleep. This will teach you to “think” in English. This habit will also help you live a move organized and fruitful life. Besides, you will score higher on your composition exams!

　　坚持写英语日记。写几个句子描述一下你的一天，然后在睡觉前尽可能多地大声操练。这个方法可以教会你用英语“思考”。这个习惯还可以帮助你生活得更有条理、更有成效。此外，考试时作文你也可以拿更高的分！

　　13．Choose materials that interest you! Reading about things that you like will naturally make learning more enjoyable and efficient. Everything is easier if you enjoy doing it!

　　选择让你感兴趣的资料！阅读你喜欢的东西自然会使学习变得更愉快、更有效。你喜欢做，事情就会更容易！

　　14．Make your friends proud by teaching them some English sentences. You can become an excellent teacher through tutoring your friends. Teaching is a great way to learn! Also remember, learning English can make people happier, feel younger and live longer!

　　教你的朋友们英语，让他们感到骄傲。教朋友的过程中你会成为一名出色的老师。教学是学习的极好途径！别忘了，英语学习会让人更快乐、更年轻、活得更长久！

　　15．Don’t be afraid to ask for help. The more times you ask for help, the more powerful your English will become. Never hesitate to ask! Learn as much as you can from as many different people as you can! An eager student will always find a teacher!

　　不要害怕寻求帮助。你请求别入帮越多的忙，你的英语就会越厉害。不要犹豫，尽管发问！尽可能从不同的人身上学到更多的东西！求知欲强的学生总是会找到老师！

　　16．Keep English constantly in your mind by listening, speaking of reading every day! Constant exposure will make it much easier to master this language. If you review only once a week, you will have a hard time remembering what you’ve learned.

　　每天听，每天说，每天读，让英语时刻留在你脑中！持续的接触会让你更容易掌握这门语言。如果你只是一个星期复习一回，要记住你学的东西就太难了。

　　17．Keep a positive attitude about English. If you think of English as a burden, it will be one! If you think of English as fun and exciting, you will practice more often and make progress more quickly!

　　学英语要有积极的态度。如果你认为英语是个负担，它就是个负担！如果你认为英语有趣又刺激，你就会更经常地练习，进步得更快！

　　18．Learning any language takes a lot of effort, but never give up. We will hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope！

　　学习任何语言都是需要花费很多努力，但绝不要放弃。从绝望中寻找希望，人生终将辉煌！

　　英语阅读理解题出错原因_课外阅读

　　【摘要】“英语阅读理解题出错原因”文中是编者为大家整理的有关英语阅读文章，希望对大家有所帮助：

　　阅读理解题答案与干扰项关系的分析

　　正确的选项往往是命题人员把阅读材料的内容或信息用不同的语言形式再现出来。一般而言，答案项的设置有以下几种方法：(1) 选用原文中的词句;(2) 使用原文词句的同义词或相似结构;(3) 使用原文词句的反义词或相反结构;(4) 答案项是对生词、长句或难旬的解释;(5) 答案项是对原文词句或段落的归纳、

　　推理或演绎;(6) 使用原文的上下义结构，如用“科学”涵盖“计算机、航天、发明、电子”等概念。

　　干扰项的设置通常有以下几种方式：

　　1. 张冠李戴

　　命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点;或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。

　　以2006年全国卷I第60题“The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City______.”为例。此题乍看C项“to pay at the cash register”和D项“to have more gas for his car”都对，因为原文中有这么一句“While I Was standing in line at the cash register，I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas”。很明显作者是停下来付款加油时，偶遇一对老夫妇并问好，似乎选项C和D本身都没错，但题干问的是“作者计划在俄克拉荷马市逗留的原因”，如果考生没有理解题干，就会误选C项或D项。正确选项应为A项“to visit a friend”。

　　2. 偷梁换柱

　　干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。

　　以2006年全国卷I第57题“It can be inferred that greyhounds_______. ”为例。此题乍看应选B项“like staying in bed all day”，因为原文中有这么一句“especially they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside”. 殊不知选项中加了“all day”，使意思绝对化了。正确选项应为D项“need some exercise outdoors”。考生若注意不到此细节的变化，势必造成失分。

　　3. 无中生有

　　干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。

　　以2006年全国卷Ⅰ第67题“We may infer from the last two paragraphs that______. ”为例。干扰项C项“English courses are necessary for foreign students”就是这种情况，而正确答案应为A项“different teaching methods should be used”。解答这类考题时考生还应注意问题中有无“In the author’s opinion”或“According to the passage”之类的限定语。

　　4. 以偏概全

　　考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。

　　不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论;深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。

　　例如，2006年北京卷第73题“What did Loftus find out from her research?”的正确答案为B项“People Can be led to believe in something false.”。而误选C项“People tend to forget their childhood experiences. ”的考生显然是根据文中“it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences… The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured memory through leading questions”的信息得出的，但它只不过是表层信息，其对原文信息的转述并不全面。

　　不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。

　　例如，2006年全国卷I第69题“What is the text mainly about______.”的正确答案为D项“Life after retirement”。干扰项A项“Learning to paint in later life”与C项“An artist turned teacher”极具迷惑性，但它们只是文章中的某个细节信息。考生如果不清楚细节信息与短文主题之间的关系，就容易犯概括不准确的错误。

　　以上是小编为大家整理的“英语阅读理解题出错原因”全部内容，更多相关内容请点击：

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　　高考英语阅读理解 细节理解题解题技巧

　　一、题型介绍：

　　过去在阅读理解题中占很大比例。细节题要求考生具备快速寻找信息的，采用针对性进行阅读。多数情况下，作者不会明确地呈现一个事实，读者需根据已有的信息进行处理，读出言外之意。还要特别注意文章的`时间顺序、故事发生的地点、情节的发展、和人物之间的关系。

　　考查文章细节理解的测

　　① This article is particularly written for ___.?

　　② When the writer says … he really means ___.?

　　③ The author's attitude to… is that ___.?

　　④ What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage??

　　⑤ The writer regards… as ___.?

　　⑥ The writer's purpose in writing this story is ___.

　　二、细节题具体方法与步骤：

　　①排除干扰项 ，突出主题。事实细节题的设计干扰项一般都是某一细节的错误叙述与论断，可先排除干扰项。作为命题内容的细节一般总是短文的要点活主要论据。因此正确的选项往往与短文的主题密切相关。

　　② 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如for example，first，second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。

　　③ 将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。

　　④注意识别指代词语。为避免重复，文章中对多次提及的事物或现象会使用不同的词语，如同义词、近义词、代词等。

　　三、考题探究

　　Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds(灰狗) and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy! Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive(好斗的) because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children.

　　Greyhounds can live for 12-14 years but usually only race for two or three years, and after that they make great pets. They don’t need a lot of space, don’t make a lot of noise, and don’t eat a lot for their size.

　　Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands only 33 cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black, white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these.

　　Greyhounds have smooth body coats, low body fat and are very healthy. Because they’re slim（苗条的）they don’t have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold. Especially since they would much rather be at home in bed thanwalking around outside.

　　1 Why does the author say that greyhounds make great pets?

　　A. They are big in size.

　　B. They live a very long life.

　　C. They can run races for some time.

　　D. They are quiet and easy to look after.

　　2 . If you keep a pet greyhound, it is important .

　　A. to keep it slim

　　B. to keep it warm

　　C. to take special care of its legs

　　D. to take it to animal doctors regularly

　　学海导航

　　1 D 从题目可以看出该题目是考查对文章细节理解的题目。结合语境，注意上下文的关系，注意查找关键信息。由文章的第二段的内容来看，文章用了三个具有否定意义的排比句They don’t need a lot of space, don’t make a lot of noise, and don’t eat a lot for their size.，分析了灰狗的习性和特点，尤其是在点明了they make great pets之后，又对其原因进行了分析，此时我们就可以根据文章的讲解来推断题目。故该题目的关键是对文章第二段的内容进行分析，归纳，然后得出结论。

　　2 B 由题目可知该题应该是个对文章细节的推断题。由该题考查的内容，我们可以讲注意力放在文章的最后一段。最后一段中提到灰狗没有其他类型狗的腿的毛病，因此 C项错误。文章特别提到they do feel the cold.，说明他们怕冷，因此就需要保暖了。故B项是正确答案。

　　四、实例演练

　　Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “operates under the theory of what’s mine is mine and what’s yours is mine,” says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers（剑）。 Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”

　　“Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It’s an inheritable trait,” says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance（支配地位） when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.

　　Whether it’s inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands at the young isn’t healthy for children or the family, Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness” and “a desire to feel safe.” It’s the parents’ role to provide that protection.

　　When a “boss child” doesn’t learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coaches, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as thetop dog if no one likes your bossy ways.

　　“I see more and more parents giving up their power,” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. “They bend too far because they don’t want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious.”

　　1、 Bossy children like Stephen Jackson.

　　A. make good decisions

　　B. show self-centeredness

　　C. lack care from others

　　D. have little sense of fear

　　【点津】 B 该题目主要是对文章的细节的考查，我们在读完题目后，我们可以将注意力放在第一段中的I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”在认真分析后我们可知Stephen 不知道对别人关心、照顾，而是以自我为中心。故B 项是正确答案。

　　五、经验总结:

　　通过对上面内容的讲解和自己练习我们可以做出一下的总结:

　　1 定位能力很重要，要通过不断的做练习来进行有意识的培养。

　　2 细节理解题通常是定位部分的变体或者是重复，即意思相同但表达的方式会有所变化。

　　3 切忌通过自己对某类的主观了解做出凭空的判断，每一道题目的选择都离不开对原文的理解和把握，答题时要力求紧扣文章中心来寻找解题的线索。

　　宾语从句要点及考点分析归纳

　　宾语从句的功能相当于名词词组，在句子中充当宾语。该从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。本文欲就历届高考试题涉及到该从句考查的焦点在此作以归纳，以期有助于同学们复习、备考。

　　一、考查宾语从句的语序问题。语序应用陈述语序，且引导词一定要在从句的最前面。

　　【考例】

　　①As soon as he comes back, I'll tell him when ______ and see him.（05北京）

　　A. you will come B. will you comeC. you come D. do you come

　　②When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know . （10上海）

　　A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering

　　C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering

　　【简析】①A。when引导宾语从句时，用陈述语序，且主句谓语动词是一般将来时，所以从句该用什么时态就用什么时态，由语境可知，应是将来时。同时注意when引导时间状语时常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。②B。which引导的句子做know的宾语，句子用陈述语序，引导词位于从句句首。

　　二、考查宾语从句的连接词问题。

　　（1）引导宾语从句的有从属连词that, whether 和if；连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, how, why等。选用何种连接词主要根据①所选词在从句中所作成分；②从句意判断句中缺少的意项。

　　【考例】

　　①She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do_____it takes to save her life.（09湖南）

　　A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever

　　②As a new diplomat, he often thinks of_____he can react more appropriately on such occasions. （09上海）

　　A. what B. which C. that D. how

　　③ I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. （10湖北）

　　A. who B. where C. what D. how

　　④ We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture. （10全国Ⅰ）

　　A. that B. which C. what D. where

　　【简析】①C。whichever“无论哪一个”； however“无论如何”； whoever“无论谁”； whatever“无论什么”。由分析可知，该引导词引导的是宾语从句，且从句中take缺少宾语，由句意“她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。”可知，应用whatever。②D。句意为“作为一种新的外交官,他经常考虑他怎么能在那样的场合反应更恰当。”很显然，该宾语从句缺少一个表示“方式”的词，故用how。③C。句意为“我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。”也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A，错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。④D。由句意为“我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。”可知，动词discuss后的宾语从句缺少地点状语，故用where。

　　（2）宾语从句中注意下列几组相似意思的区别。

　　考查引导词whether与if的区别。两者都表示“是否”，都可引导宾语从句；但如果宾语从句是否定句一般用if；下列情况用whether①作介词宾语；②后紧跟or not; ③作discuss等词的宾语。

　　【考例】

　　①At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _____ it got any better.（09北京）

　　A. when B. h ow C. why D. if

　　②We haven't settled the question of ______ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (06江苏)

　　A. if B. whereC. whether D. that

　　【简析】①D。句意为“最初他不喜欢这件新工作，但是他决定给自己几个月的时间来看一下这件工作是否会变得更好。”所以用if表“是否”，引导宾语从句。②C。句意为“我们还没有解决他是否有必要出国留学这个问题。”此处是宾语从句，表“是否”，含有不确定，且作介词的宾语，故用whether。

　　考查引导词wh-与wh-ever的区别。“wh-ever”引导宾语从句时，其含有“无论……”之意，其引导宾语从句无疑问意义，相当于名词或代词加一个定语从句，而wh-多有疑问之意。

　　【考例】

　　① Could I speak to_____ is in charge of International Sales please? （09海南）

　　A. whoB. what C. whoever D. whatever

　　②? Could you do me a favour?

　　? It depends on ______ it is. （06北京）

　　A. which B. whicheverC. what D. whatever

　　【简析】①C 。whoever引导的宾语从句作了to的宾语，同时whoever作is in charge of International Sales please的主语。whoever意为“任何人或无论谁”，相当于any person who或the person who。②C。what引导宾语从句，并在从句中充当表语，意为“什么”，含有具体之事的意思。句意为“那取决于是什么”。

　　考查引导词no matter+疑问词与疑问词+ever的区别。“no matter+疑问词”只能引导状语从句；而“疑问词+ever”既可引导状语从句，也可引导宾语从句。

　　【考例】

　　①The book can be of help to _____ wants to do the job.（09陕西）

　　A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever

　　②Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. (95上海)

　　A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who

　　【简析】①D。此处从句作介词to的宾语。引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁,no matter+疑问词不能引导宾语从句。②C。此处从句作介词of的宾语。no matter+疑问词不能引导宾语从句，又因连接词在从句作主语，所以用whoever,其相当于anyone who。

　　IV.考查what与how引导的感叹句充当宾语的区别。此时意为“多么”，what修饰“形容词+名词或a(an)+形容词+名词”，而how修饰“形容词或副词、many，little（少），much, few等+名词或形容词+a(an)+名词（单数）”

　　【考例】

　　①I was surprised by her words , which made me recognize____silly mistakes I had made.（05湖南）

　　A. what B. that C. how D. which.

　　②Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future.(04广东)

　　A. that B. how C. such D. so

　　【简析】①A。句意为“我对她的话很吃惊，它迫使我承认我犯了多么愚蠢的错误。”宾语从句表感叹，中心词为名词，所以用what。②B。句意为“使父母亲明白教育对他们子女的未来来说是多么地重要。”宾语从句表感叹，中心词为形容词，所以用how

　　考查引导词what与that的区别。what作连接代词并表示“所……的”之意，相当于the+名词+that”或“all that”,可指代不确定的事物等，在句中作主语、宾语或表语等。that在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分，翻译中，不译。

　　[典型考题]

　　①（10山东）Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.

　　A. why B. what C. how D. which

　　②（10北京）Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.

　　A. what B. that C. why D. whether

　　【解析】①:B。句意应为：在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。②B。句意应为：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。表语从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导。

　　三、考查宾语从句的时态问题。

　　①当主句中的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句的谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响，可根据句子的实际情况使用不同的时态。②当主句中的谓语动词是过去时，从句的时态也是表示过去的时态。既一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时。③当从句表示客观事实或真理时，其时态不受主句谓语时态的影响，而用一般现在时。

　　【考例】

　　①I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it _______. （09山东）Ks5u

　　A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened

　　②Shestaredatthepainting, wonderingwhereshe______it.（09重庆）

　　A. sawB. hasseen C. sees D. hadseen

　　【简析】①B。本题考查具体语境中的时态，后一句隐藏的时间状语是at the time；又因为主句中的谓语动词是现在时。故从句用一般过去时。②D。本题也是考查具体语境中的时态，因wondering是stared的伴随状语，故表示过去的动作，又因see发生在wondering之前，即过去的过去，因此用过去完成时。③D。

　　四、考查宾语从句的虚拟语气问题。

　　（1）在表示坚持要求（insist），命令（order,demand），建议(suggest,,advise,propose),要求（ask,requre,demand,request）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”。（2）用it作形式宾语，宾补是：necessary,important,strange,desirable,advisable,requested,vital,urgent,possible等时，后置的宾语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”。（3） wish 引导的宾语从句表虚拟语气时，如果从句表示动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状态，则用过去时（be动词只用were形式）；指将来，用过去将来时。(4)would rather引导的宾语从句表虚拟语气时, 如果从句表示动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指将来或现在动作，则用过去时（be动词只用were形式）

　　【考例】

　　①____ be sent to work there? (02上海)

　　A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should

　　C. Do you suggest who shouldD. Do you suggest whom should

　　②George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. （10江苏）

　　A. focus B. focused C. wouldfocus D. had focused

　　③?Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?

　　?I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. （05江苏）

　　A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; that

　　C. should not be sent; 高二 what D. should not send; what

　　【简析】①A。特殊疑问句的疑问词应置于句首，又suggest(建议)后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），且should可省略。②A。would rather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在时间相反，用动词的过去式。③B。it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语，necessary作宾语补足语时，从句的谓语动词要用“（should）+动词原形”，又因此从句主语与动词send是被动关系，故用(should) not be sent；第二空的引导词引导的是表语从句，从句有用省略结构，其完整结构是“he has refused to be sent to New York”,由完整结构可知，该从句不缺成分，故用that。

　　五、考查名词性从句it作形式宾语问题。

　　①宾语从句+宾语补足语的结构为了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式宾语,把真正的宾语从句置于句末，常见的it作形式宾语的谓语动词有believe,find,make,guess,suppose等。②某些及物动词或短语不能直接加宾语从句，此时用it作形式宾语，然后再接宾语从句，此种用法常见于like,dislike,hate,appreciate等。

　　【考例】

　　①He didn’t make _____ clear when and where the meeting would be held. （07天津）

　　A. this B. that C. it D. these

　　②I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (06山东)

　　A. that B. it C. this D. you

　　【简析】①C。此题考查的是谓语动词后加宾语的复合结构，clear是宾补，when and where the meeting would be held.是真正的宾语，并置于宾补之后，故用it作形式宾语。②B。if you would like to teach me how to use the computer是宾语从句，作appreciate的宾语，该种情况常用it作形式宾语。

　　六、考查宾语从句的否定转移和该情况下的反意疑问句问题。

　　主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,imagine,consider,expect,guess ,be sure等，且主句的主语是第一人称并为一般现在时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来，其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句的主语保持一致。

　　【考例】

　　①I don't suppose anyone will volunteer _____?(01上海)

　　A. do I B. don't I C. will theyD. won't they

　　②I' m sure you' d rather she went to school by bus, _____?(06福建)

　　A. hadn't you B. wouldn't you C. aren't I D. didn't she

　　【简析】①C。由主句谓语动词是suppose，主句主语是第一人称并为一般现在时可知，反意疑问句应对宾语从句反问，再者don't实际上是对宾语从句的否定，故反问应用肯定，即will they。②B。反意疑问句应对I' m sure后的宾语从句的反问，又you' d等于you would，故用wouldn't you。

　　七、考查that引导宾语从句时的是否省略问题。

　　一般来讲，宾语从句中的that可以省略，但下列情况一般不省略：①当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省；②由it作形式宾语；③当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；④当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或从句时；⑤当主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时；⑥当某些介词后接that引导的宾语从句时，常见的有in that(由于)，except that(除了)等。

　　【考例】

　　①Having checked the doors were closed , and ______ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.（07湖南）

　　A. why B. that C. when D. where

　　②Animals suffered at the hands of Man ___ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural had to provide food for more people.(08江西)

　　A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that

　　③I know nothing about the young lady_____she is from Beijing.（00上海）

　　A.except B.except forC.except that D.besides

　　【简析】①B。由and可知，the doors were closed和all the lights were off是并列作check的宾语，且从句意思完整。当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省，故用that。②D。该句大意是“动物遭受人类的控制，因为人类为了得到更多的农产品供更多的人消费，破坏动物的生存环境以得到更多的土地。”in that 相当于because。③C。空后面是不缺成分的从句，且与nothing连用，故用except that该句意为“关于这位年轻的女士，我只知道她来自上海。”

　　八、考查宾语从句存在插入语时的问题。

　　此时多考查的是连接词的选用、位置和从句的谓语动词的形式及从句语序。一般来说，连接词应置于插入语之前；特殊疑问句形式是插入语用部分倒装，从句用陈述语序；做选择题时，把插入语去掉进行判断。

　　【考例】

　　①Mum is coming. What present ______ for your birthday? （05福建）

　　A．you expect she has got B．you expect has she got

　　C．do you expect she has got D．do you expect has she got

　　②The companies are working together to create _____ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. (08北京)

　　A. which B. that C. what D. who

　　【简析】①C。you expect是插入语，在特殊疑问句插入语部分倒装，宾语从句用陈述语序。②C。create后是宾语从句，其中they hope是插入语，把该插入语去掉后，可以看出该从句缺少主语，根据题意应用what。