高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧

　　导语：高考复习的重点一是要掌握所有的知识点，二就是要大量的做题，以下是小编为大家精心整理的高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧，欢迎大家参考！

　　阅读理解之主旨大意题

　　我们阅读一篇文章， 首先是要了解其大意， 明确其主旨。因此， 主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainly about只考过4题，title题考了5题， purpose题考了5题。

　　解题技巧

　　1.弄清文章的大意， 关键是找到主题句。

　　主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应， 有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。

　　2.找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即

　　快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门：

　　(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时， 该句很可能是主题句。

　　(2)首段出现疑问句时， 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

　　(3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

　　(4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。

　　3.关于干扰项和正确答案。

　　(1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节;可能属文中某些 (不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。

　　(2)正确答案：是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。

　　4.在阅读理解中，主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式： (1)Main idea型：选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的.句子。题干多为如下形式：

　　①What's the main idea/point of the passage?

　　②The passage is mainly about________.

　　③The passage is mainly concerned about________.

　　④Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

　　⑤Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?

　　⑥In this passage the author discusses primarily______.

　　⑦The subject discussed in this text is________.

　　⑧The general/main idea of the passage is about________.

　　(2)Main purpose型：选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到主要的写作目的，常见以下几种题干形式：

　　①What's the purpose of the passage?

　　②The passage is meant to________.

　　③The purpose of the article is to________.

　　④In this passage the writer tries to tell us that________.

　　⑤The passage tells us that________.

　　⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ...

　　(3)标题型：选择文章标题是另一类对主旨大意题考查的形式，命题形式：

　　①The best title of the passage is________.

　　②Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

　　③The best title for the passage is________.

　　④The most appropriate title of the passage is________.

　　In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

　　典型例析

　　From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people...Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness...But only when we stop

　　pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.

　　30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

　　A.A Wheelchair Experience.

　　B.Weakness and Kindness.

　　C.Weakness and Strength.

　　D.A Driving Experience

　　解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了表转折的But...可知，“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people”便是主题句，再根据第二段最后一句可以确定，这句的确是主题句。又因标题要简明、醒目，故选B。

　　答案：B

　　In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable

　　products.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

　　Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries....In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.

　　45.What is the main purpose of the passage?

　　A.To introduce a new business model.

　　B.To compare two business models.

　　C.To predict a change of the global market.

　　D.To advocate sustainable development.

　　解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了转折的Actually，其后的“People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed，and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持续的)ways”是主题句，随后的两句话都是对这一句进

　　行解释;句中两个must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持续发展”，第二段首句“Today，sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries”进一步说明，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选D。

　　答案：D

　　Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often

　　be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.

　　30.What is the best title of the passage?

　　A.Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom

　　B.Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture

　　C.Have a Nice Day — a Heartwarming Greeting

　　D.Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation

　　解析：主旨大意题。由该段的第一句(特别是custom一词)可知。

　　答案：A

　　(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination

　　…

　　It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.

　　30.What is the purpose of the passage?

　　A.To tell us an interesting story.

　　B.To help us make right decisions.

　　C.To advise us to care about children.

　　D.To encourage us to use our imagination.

　　解析：主旨大意题。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们运用我们的想象力。

　　答案：D